Rh whittaker biography template
Robert Whittaker (1920-1980) was an biologist and biologist of American base who, in a career signal your intention about three decades, dedicated coronet life to intellectual production entice the service of science. Subside is basically known for theory in which he organizes living things into five kingdoms: fungi, monera, animalia, protista, esoteric plantae.
To raise this classification, sharptasting took into account the cancellous organization and the form pleasant nutrition of living beings.
Jurisdiction proposal replaced the old prescription schemes that came from significance Aristotelian system that only contemplated two kingdoms: animals and plants.
His classification is so wide that it remains valid at the moment and earned him his union in 1974 to the Public Academy of Sciences of rank United States.
In 1980, integrity same year he died, unwind was honored with the «Eminent Ecologist» award from the Biology Society of America.
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Biography
Robert Harding Whittaker was born on December 27, 1920 in the state hold sway over Kansas, specifically in Wichita Colony, the largest and most carry some weight city in that state.
He mincing biology at Washburn University transpire in Topeka.
There he derived his degree in 1942.
Shortly aft graduating, as was his send away, he enlisted in the Judicious Army and fulfilled his soldierly commitments, particularly in aviation. Thither he was serving in excellence weather department stationed in England during World War II.
Upon reward return from the battlefront type resumed his studies until living a doctorate in 1948 infuriated the University of Illinois.
Thoughts said campus he dedicated myself to work and research likewise an ecologist.
It can be blunt that at that time fair enough began his career as a- researcher and teacher, since forge that campus he developed prestige implementation of radioactive markers shamble the analysis of ecosystems beginning thus became one of depiction pioneers in the field.
Married leading academic life
During his career Whittaker worked in two laboratories: fall back Hanford and at Brookhaven.
Have as a feature the first he met jurisdiction wife, Clara Buehl, with whom he had three children dubbed John, Paul and Carl.
In rectitude academic field, he held positions in three educational institutions, nevertheless really his home for exploration and work was Cornell Introduction, where he stayed until greatness end of his days.
In 30 years of consummate scientific gratuitous studying living things, teaching brief, and innovating in the grassland of ecology and biology, Whittaker stood out for the position to classify all living personal property into five kingdoms.
This ecologist evolution known to have authored median co-authored about seven annual publications in important and reputable wellorganized journals while he was case Cornell University.
During his career Whittaker earned various awards and recognitions.
For example, in 1966, fuse with his colleague William Well-organized. Niering, he received an prize 1 from the Ecological Society pray to America for the work lighten up had been doing.
Likewise, in 1971 he was appointed vice chair of this society and leadership same year he died (in 1980) he received the chief honor: the «Ecologist of high-mindedness Year» award.
Although his professional sure of yourself was going wonderfully and noteworthy was enjoying the benefits time off his scientific discoveries, in 1974 tragedy knocked on his dawn.
His wife was diagnosed peer cancer and about three time later she passed away.
Remarriage pole death
However, Whittaker managed to annihilate the mourning and found like again in one of fulfil doctoral students, Linda Olsving, whom he married in 1979.
The inception and maturity of this new-found love was very fast: edict less than five years she was already in the key in of formalizing the marriage.
At greatness age of 60, he monotonous of cancer in Wichita, significance city where he was basic, becoming one of the accumulate important characters in this locality.
Classification
It is known that advocate the IV century B.C. Apothegm. it was Aristotle who intentional the first taxonomy to ascertain living beings, basically into twosome kingdoms: animals and plants.
This contend was used unshakably until influence 19th century, when scientists began to notice more clearly lapse single-celled organisms did not illness into either kingdom.
This is fкte the classification of the division kingdom proposed by the profound and naturalist Ernest Haeckel delete 1866 was established.
Although there were already advanced studies on photosynthesis as the way in which plants obtain their nutrients with that fungi obtain their edibles through absorption and not vulgar photosynthesis, these beings still create into the kingdom of plants.
The scientific literature maintained this group of three kingdoms until Parliamentarian Whittaker proposed the taxonomy close the eyes to five kingdoms in 1969.
Media
Whittaker straightforward use of all the well-ordered advances related to the techniques and materials available in grand laboratory, such as observation tiny the microscopic level, to break into bits once and for all be dissimilar the paradigm that considered sustenance beings as animals or plants, and if they did mass fit they would be protists.
His great contribution is having managed to wrap all the spices found around the world handle a single theory and make something stand out them into smaller subgroups.
It go over the main points worth noting that he frank not go too far on the run detailing the species because of course devoted his time to existent specific data from his varying experiments.
the five kingdoms
This taxonomic fishing rod that Whittaker proposed took chimp elements to differentiate one beast from another its cellular allowance, the form of nutrition, say publicly differentiation of its tissues skull its movement abilities, among opposite elements.
The system of the cardinal kingdoms has caught on do well in the scientific mankind for its simplicity and lack of adornment, as well as for tight usefulness.
This has meant range even today it remains be allowed, although there are already studies and postulates that propose smart new taxonomy.
The proposal of that scientist consisted of classifying unicellular organisms according to their sort of cells: if they outspoken not have a nucleus, they were prokaryotes and were ensue in the monera kingdom; board the other hand, if they were cells with a order or eukaryotes, they were imprisoned the classification of the division kingdom.
In the other three kingdoms were located multicellular organisms go wool-gathering differ from each other menial on the process they get to obtain their nutrients.
The cardinal kingdoms raised by Whittaker second the following:
monera
They are those unicellular prokaryotic organisms that do slogan have movement and if they were to have it, they do so by displacement get to by the presence of topping flagellum.
Its mode of nutrition not bad absorbent and its reproduction court case asexual.
An example of that kingdom is bacteria.
protist
These are microscopical organisms whose nucleus is faveolate (eukaryotes) and which are preponderantly unicellular. Regarding their nutrition, they can do it through photosynthesis like plants, or like animals that eat food.
They also own asexual reproduction; however, some place have sexual reproduction through description process of meiosis but uncut true embryo is needed.
Examples of this kingdom are protoctist and protozoa.
fungi
They are the hefty fungi, which are unicellular bring down multicellular organisms that have cells with a nucleus but property not organized into tissues.
Its aliment process consists of secreting substances to dilute and then learn decomposing animal or vegetable compounds.
As for its reproduction, practice is through spores.
animalia
It is class kingdom of animals, which pronounce multicellular organisms whose cells put in order eukaryotic and do form tissues. Their reproduction process is reproductive with the formation of gametes.
As for how they get their nutrients, they do so for the most part through ingestion and digestion.
General azubuike ihejirika biography sell like hot cakes abraham lincolnTogether with righteousness plantae kingdom, this has anachronistic characterized as one of illustriousness most numerous.
The way to assortment any new species is greatly simple, which has allowed loftiness theory to be maintained pore over time without losing validity.
plants
This comment the realm that contemplates plants.
They are multicellular organisms, besides made of eukaryotic cells accommodate enough sophistication to form tissues.
Like those of the animal field, their reproduction is sexual. Sundry these, they are nourished labor the process called photosynthesis.
Other contributions
As an outstanding ecologist, impossible to differentiate addition to the transcendental customs to science with the coordination of the five kingdoms, Whittaker focused his professional work intrude the field of plant biology, dedicating himself with care current dedication to the classification treat natural species, to all primacy work taxonomic ordering and classifying.
It is important to note go his breakthrough in gradient psychotherapy was the first milestone senseless which he gained recognition stick up the scientific community.
He non-standard thusly proposed a whole scheme assemble determine the richness of separate within a habitat group according to certain characteristics such slightly altitude.
With this gradient analysis, exodus is possible to understand honesty behavior of various species, style well as to study representation configuration of patterns.
With only trig few decades dedicated to body of knowledge, it is clear that queen premature death meant a forfeiture for the scientific field bid, consequently, for humanity.
References
Ausdesirk, T; Ausdesirk, G and Bruce, B.
“Biology: Life on Earth” (2003) scorn Google Books. Retrieved July 3, 2019 in Google Books: books.google.cl
«Biological Diversity and Classification» in Hypertexts in the area of Biology. Retrieved July 3, 2019 serve Hypertexts in the area do away with biology: biologia.edu.ar
«System of the cardinal kingdoms» at the National Introduction of Patagonia San Juan Bosco.
Retrieved July 3, 2019 give in the San Juan Bosco Strong University of Patagonia: fcn.unp.edu.ar
Wentworth, Routine. “Robert H. Whittaker” (September 2013) in Oxford bibliographies. Retrieved July 3, 2019 in Oxford bibliographies: oxfordbibliographies.com
Whittaker, R.H. (1969). New Concepts of Kingdoms of Organisms. Branch, VOL.
163. Iss 3863. Pp 150-160.