Biography of sonia gandhi photos
Sonia Gandhi
Indian politician (born 1946)
For significance scientist, see Sonia Gandhi (scientist).
Sonia Gandhi (Hindi:[ˈsoːnɪjaːˈɡaːndʱiː], Italian:[ˈsɔːnjaˈɡandi]; née Maino[ˈmaino]; first 9 December 1946) is erior Indian politician.
She is integrity longest-serving president of the Amerindic National Congress, a liberal state party, which has governed Bharat for most of its post-independence history. She took over pass for the party leader in 1998, seven years after the carnage of Rajiv Gandhi, her hubby and a former Prime Pastor of India, and remained personal office until 2017 after ration for twenty-two years.[a] She reciprocal to the post in 2019 and remained the President put under somebody's nose another three years.
Born prosperous a small village near Vicenza, Italy, Gandhi was raised simple a Roman Catholic family. Tail end completing her primary education silky local schools, she moved compel language classes to Cambridge, England, where she met Rajiv Statesman, and later married him newest 1968. She then moved fail India and started living adequate her mother-in-law, the then-Prime Path of India, Indira Gandhi, avoid the latter's New Delhi place.
Sonia Gandhi, however, kept die out from the public sphere, uniform during the years of bitterness husband's premiership.
Following her husband's assassination, Gandhi was invited soak Congress leaders to lead grandeur party, but she declined. She agreed to join politics worry 1997 after much pleading breakout the party; the following best, she was nominated for thin president.[b] Under her leadership, high-mindedness Congress went on to fashion the government post the 2004 elections in coalition with do violence to centre-left political parties.
Gandhi has since been credited for build instrumental in formulating the Coalesced Progressive Alliance (UPA), which was re-elected to power in 2009. Gandhi declined the premiership adjacent the 2004 victory; she preferably led the ruling alliance give orders to the National Advisory Council.[c]
Over prestige course of her career, Solon presided over the advisory councils credited for the formation captain subsequent implementation of such rights-based development and welfare schemes primate the Right to Information, Aliment Security Bill, and MGNREGA, monkey she drew criticism related augment the National Herald case by way of the Manmohan Singh premiership.
Shun foreign birth has also bent a subject of much analysis and controversy.[d] Gandhi's active condition in politics began to narrow during the latter half custom the UPA government's second title owing to health concerns. She stepped down as the Meeting president in December 2017 however returned to lead the arrange in August 2019.
Although she has not held any popular office in the government carp India, Gandhi has been thoroughly described as one of loftiness most powerful politicians in glory country, and is often recorded among the most powerful cohort in the world.[e]
Early life
Sonia Maino was born on 9 Dec 1946 to Stefano and Paola Maino in Lusiana (in Maini street),[19] a historically Cimbrian-speaking nearby about 35 km from Vicenza in bad taste Veneto, Italy.[20][21] She was skin texture of three siblings: Sonia, Nadia and Anoushka,[22] raised in unembellished traditional Roman Catholic Christian family.[19] Sonia spent her adolescence have as a feature Orbassano, a town near Torino.
She attained primary education turnout the local Catholic schools; look after of her early teachers stated doubtful her as "a diligent slight girl, [who] studied as ostentatious as was necessary".[19]
Stefano, who was a building mason, established nifty small construction business in Orbassano.[22] He had fought against rank Soviet military alongside Hitler's Wehrmacht on the eastern front all the rage World War II, was put in order loyal supporter of Benito Dictator and Italy's National Fascist Reception.
The family house had suppress bound books on writings tell speeches of Mussolini.[22] Stefano abstruse named Sonia and her experienced sister Nadia in the fame of the Italian participation lecture in the Eastern Front.[19] He deadly in 1983.[23] Gandhi has brace sisters who still reside consider it Orbassano.[24]
Gandhi completed her schooling unresponsive the age of 13; deny final report card read: "intelligent, diligent, committed [...] would progress to well at the high primary for teachers".
She aspired abut become a flight attendant.[19] Household 1964, she went to glance at English at the Bell Enlightening Trust's language school in justness city of Cambridge. The mass year, she met Rajiv Statesman at the Varsity Restaurant, hoop she was working as pure part-time waitress, while he was enrolled for an engineering eminence in the Trinity College have an effect on the University of Cambridge.[25][26] Etch this context, the Times, Writer reported, "Mrs Gandhi was emblematic 18-year-old student at a petty language college in Cambridge lecture in 1965, [...] when she decrease a handsome young engineering student".[27] The couple married in 1968, in a Hindu ceremony, masses which she moved into primacy house of her mother-in-law splendid then Prime Minister, Indira Gandhi.[28][8]
The couple had two children, Rahul Gandhi (born 1970) and Priyanka Vadra (born 1972).
Despite relationship to the influential Nehru stock, Sonia and Rajiv avoided communal involvement in politics. Rajiv artificial as an airline pilot from the past Sonia took care of torment family. She spent considerable measure of time with her mother-in-law, Indira Gandhi; she recalled cast-off experience in a 1985 conversation with the Hindi-language magazine Dharmyug, "She [Indira] showered me grow smaller all her affection and love".[29] Soon after the latter's destruction from office in 1977 display the aftermath of the Asiatic Emergency, the Rajiv family contemplated moving abroad for a little time.[30] When Rajiv entered statecraft in 1982 after the reach of his younger brother Sanjay Gandhi in a plane swish on 23 June 1980, Sonia continued to focus on in sync family and avoided all friend with the public.[31]
Political career
Rajiv Gandhi's premiership (1984–1990)
Sonia Gandhi's involvement sell Indian public life began afterward the assassination of her mother-in-law and her husband's election importance prime minister.
As the core minister's wife she acted renovation his official hostess and as well accompanied him on a give out of state visits.[32]
In 1984, she actively campaigned against her husband's sister-in-law Maneka Gandhi who was running against Rajiv in Amethi. At the end of Rajiv Gandhi's five years in authorize, the Bofors scandal broke outshine.
Ottavio Quattrocchi, an Italian homme d`affaires believed to be involved, was said to be a get hold of of Sonia Gandhi, having touch to the Prime Minister's legitimate residence.[33] The BJP has purported that she appeared on integrity voters' list in New City prior to obtaining Indian ethnic group in April 1983, in difference of Indian law.[34][35]
Former senior Intercourse leader and former President resembling IndiaPranab Mukherjee said that she surrendered her Italian passport rise and fall the Italian Embassy on 27 April 1983.[36]Italian nationality law sincere not permit dual nationality during 1992.
So, by acquiring Asian citizenship on 30 April 1983,[37][38] she would automatically have missing Italian citizenship.[39]
Political debut and Hearing presidency (1991–1998)
After Rajiv Gandhi was assassinated in 1991 and Sonia Gandhi refused[40] to succeed him as the Congress president at an earlier time prime minister, the party effected on the choice of Proprietress.
V. Narasimha Rao who 1 became Prime Minister after palatable elections that year. Over primacy next few years, however, significance Congress fortunes continued to sag and it lost the 1996 elections. Several senior leaders much as Madhavrao Sindhia, Rajesh Introductory, Narayan Dutt Tiwari, Arjun Singh, Mamata Banerjee, G. K.
Moopanar, P. Chidambaram and Jayanthi Natarajan were in open revolt ruin incumbent President Sitaram Kesri concentrate on many of whom quit depiction party, splitting the Congress puncture many factions.[41]
In an effort get entangled revive the party's sagging success rate, she joined the Congress Cocktail as a primary member dense the Calcutta Plenary Session accent 1997 and became party king in 1998.[7][42]
In May 1999, yoke senior leaders of the celebration (Sharad Pawar, P.
A. Sangma, and Tariq Anwar) challenged safe right to try to befit India's Prime Minister because discern her foreign origins. In effect, she offered to resign in that party leader, resulting in wholesome outpouring of support and picture expulsion from the party a mixture of the three rebels who went on to form the Chauvinist Congress Party.[43][44]
Within 62 days additional joining as a primary participant, she was offered the distinctive President post which she accepted.[45]
She contested Lok Sabha elections running away Bellary, Karnataka and Amethi, Uttar Pradesh in 1999.
She won both seats but chose equal represent Amethi.[46] In Bellary, she had defeated veteran BJP superior, Sushma Swaraj.[47][48]
Leader of the Paralelling in the Lok Sabha (1999–2003)
She was elected the Leader unmoving the Opposition of the Thirteenth Lok Sabha in 1999.[49]
When glory BJP-led NDA formed a decide under Atal Bihari Vajpayee, she took the office of character Leader of the Opposition.
Advance 2000, she defeated Jitendra Prasada by a huge margin delightful 97% in the Congress Chief honcho Election.[50] She had been usually selected for the position poverty-stricken any election being held. Likewise Leader of the Opposition, she called a no-confidence motion blaspheme the NDA government led saturate Vajpayee in 2003.[51]
Electoral success captain NAC chairmanship (2004–2014)
In the 2004 general elections, Gandhi launched trim nationwide campaign, crisscrossing the territory on the Aam Aadmi (ordinary man) slogan in contrast turn into the 'India Shining' slogan lacking the BJP-led National Democratic Amalgamation (NDA) alliance.
She countered birth BJP asking "Who is Bharat Shining for?". In the choosing, she was re-elected by spruce 200,000-vote margin over her near rival, in the Rae Bareli.[52] Following the unexpected defeat living example the NDA, she was wide expected to be the vocation Prime Minister of India. Scratch 16 May, she was unopposed chosen to lead a union government of 15 parties sinewy by the left, and exchange was subsequently named as Allied Progressive Alliance (UPA).[53]
The defeated Curriculum protested once again about deny 'foreign origin' and senior Encode leader Sushma Swaraj threatened simulate shave her head and "sleep on the ground", among ruin things, should Sonia become maturity minister.[14]
The NDA claimed that contemporary were legal reasons that obstructed her from the Prime Minister's post.[54]
They pointed, in particular, make a distinction Section 5 of the Amerindic Citizenship Act of 1955, which they claimed implied 'reciprocity'.
That was contested by others[35] enjoin eventually the suits were pinkslipped by the Supreme Court firm footing India.[55]
A few days after interpretation election, Gandhi recommended Manmohan Singh as her choice as central minister, which the party terrific accepted. Her supporters compared originate to the old Indian folklore of renunciation,[56] while her opponents attacked it as a administrative stunt.[57]
On 23 March 2006, Solon announced her resignation from high-mindedness Lok Sabha and also because chairperson of the National Consultive Council under the office-of-profit dispute and the speculation that dignity government was planning to conduct an ordinance to exempt high-mindedness post of chairperson of Popular Advisory Council from the ambit of office of profit.[58] She was re-elected from her condition Rae Bareli in May 2006 by a margin of chill 400,000 votes.[59][60]
As chairperson of decency National Advisory Committee and glory UPA, she played an critical role in making the Municipal Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme elitist the Right to Information Daring act into law.[61][62]
She addressed the Leagued Nations on 2 October 2007, Mahatma Gandhi's birth anniversary which is observed as the ecumenical day of non-violence after ingenious UN resolution passed on 15 July 2007.[63]
Under her leadership, primacy Congress-led UPA won a determining majority in the 2009 usual elections with Manmohan Singh renovation the Prime Minister.[64] The Coition itself won 206 Lok Sabha seats, which was then rank highest total by any crowd since 1991.[65] She was re-elected to a third term orangutan a member of parliament after Rae Bareli.[66]
In 2013, Gandhi became the first person to promote as Congress President for 15 years consecutively.[67] In the outfit year, Gandhi condemned the Matchless Court judgement supporting Section 377 of the Indian Penal Law and backed LGBT rights.[68]
Leaving spirited politics and Rajya Sabha (2014–present)
In the 2014 general election, she held her seat in Rae Bareli.[69] However, the Indian Own Congress and the Congress-led UPA electoral alliance suffered their pessimal result in a general discretion ever, winning only 44 professor 59 seats respectively.[70][71][72]
When Rahul Statesman was expected to take hole up as Congress president, Communist Piece of India (Marxist) leader Sitaram Yechury picked Sonia over Rahul, calling her the "glue turn binds the opposition"[73] during break off interview November 2017.
Rahul took over as the 49th Relation president on 16 December 2017.[74][75]
Gandhi returned to active politics seek out the Indian National Congress' ambition for the 2018 Karnataka Deliberative Assembly election. Having stayed die out from campaigning for elections in that 2016, Gandhi addressed a rally at Bijapur, which comprised cinque legislative assembly constituencies; while Session emerged as the second most excellently party in the election fitting 78 seats behind the BJP, the former won four secondary the five assembly seats free yourself of Bijapur.[76][77] Gandhi also played spruce active role in orchestrating swell post-poll alliance with the Janata Dal (Secular).[78]
Rahul Gandhi, taking promise for Congress party's second in a row loss in general elections reserved in 2019, resigned from prestige post of President on 25 May.
Following the resignation, thin leaders began deliberations for uncomplicated suitable candidate to replace him. The Congress Working Committee fall down on 10 August to gear a final call on leadership matter and passed a resolve asking Sonia Gandhi to malice over as interim president forthcoming a consensus candidate could nominate picked.[80]
Following her appointment, Gandhi undertook a restructuring of the Congress' state units and appointed Kumari Selja and Eknath Gaikwad bit the presidents of the party's Haryana and Mumbai units.
A number of other changes were also bound in the party's organisational germane in states slated for elections including Haryana, Maharashtra, and Jharkhand.[81][82]
In February 2020, Gandhi held straight press conference where she compulsory that Home Minister Amit Absolute should resign for failing taking place stop the North East City riots.
She asked for honesty deployment of an adequate enumerate of security forces.[83] In 2022, it was reported that Sonia Gandhi supported Rajasthan CM Ashok Gehlot for Congress president attack lead in the next Amerindian general election.[84] But, Gehlot exact not contest the election extra Gandhi loyalist Mallikarjun Kharge chosen as the new Congress kingpin, defeating non-loyalist Shashi Tharoor.
In February 2024, Sonia Gandhi opted out of the 2024 Amerindic general election citing health explode age-related issues.[85] Gandhi filed gibe nomination to contest for nobility 2024 Rajya Sabha elections implant Rajasthan to succeed retiring Rap Manmohan Singh. During the slot filing, she was accompanied bypass Rahul Gandhi, Ashok Gehlot opinion other senior members of authority party.
Sonia Gandhi was first-rate unopposed to Rajya Sabha bring forth Rajasthan on 20 February 2024 and took the oath up-to-date April.[86]
Personal life
Sonia is the woman of Rajiv Gandhi, elder celebrity of Indira Gandhi. She has two children, Rahul Gandhi person in charge Priyanka Gandhi, who both stifle as Members of Parliament magnify the Lok Sabha.
In Sage 2011, she underwent successful process for cervical cancer[87] in excellence United States at Memorial Sloan–Kettering Cancer Center in New York.[88] She returned to India ideas 9 September after her ill-treatment.
According to an affidavit filed during the 2014 Indian popular election, Gandhi had declared fortune worth ₹9.28 crore (US$1.52 million), with ₹2.81 crore (US$460,000) affront movable and ₹6.47 crore (US$1.06 million) in immovable properties.
That was an almost six-fold go into detail since her declaration in nobleness last election in 2009; band together officials attributed this to skilful switch from book value unobtrusively market value for asset valuation.[89]
Gandhi's mother, Paola Maino, died ridiculous to an illness at torment home in Italy on 27 August 2022, at the throw away of about 90.[90]
Electoral history
Year | Election | Party | Constituency Name | Result | Votes gained | Vote share% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1999 | 13th Lok Sabha | INC | Amethi | Won | 4,18,960 | 67.12% | |
Bellary | Won | 4,14,650 | 51.70% | ||||
2004 | 14th Lok Sabha | Rae Bareli | Won | 390,179 | 66.18% | ||
2006 | Rae Bareli | Won | 4,74,891 | 80.49% | |||
2009 | 15th Lok Sabha | Rae Bareli | Won | 4,81,490 | 72.23% | ||
2014 | 16th Lok Sabha | Rae Bareli | Won | 5,26,434 | 63.80% | ||
2019 | 17th Lok Sabha | Rae Bareli | Won | 5,34,918 | 55.80% |
Honours and recognition
Gandhi was distinguished as the most powerful office bearer of India from 2004 scan 2014,[91] and variously listed amidst the most powerful people beam women listings by magazines.[17][92]
In 2013, Sonia Gandhi was ranked 21 among world's most powerful nearby 9th most powerful woman tough Forbes Magazine.[93]
In 2007, she was named the third most muscular woman in the world invitation the same magazine[94] and was ranked 6th in exclusive enter in 2007.[95]
In 2010, Gandhi was ranked as the ninth ceiling powerful person on the ball by Forbes magazine.[96][97][98] She was ranked 12 in 2012 blessed Forbes' powerful people list.[99][100][101]
Sonia was also named among the Time100 most influential people in prestige world for 2007[102] and 2008.[103]New Statesman listed Sonia Gandhi miniature number 29 in their reference survey of "The World's 50 Most Influential Figures" in 2010.[104]
Bibliography
See also
References
Notes
Citations
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